Satellites Monitor Rising Ash and Gas Trails Over Kanlaon Volcano

The Philippine Space Agency (PhilSA) has produced a specialized map tracking the atmospheric column density of Sulfur Dioxide (SO2) within a 15-kilometer altitude of Kanlaon Volcano. The visualization captures environmental data spanning October 9 to October 12, mapping out atmospheric conditions immediately before and after the volcano’s eruption on October 10, 2026. High concentrations of SO2 initially clustered tightly around Kanlaon upon eruption before drifting northwest on October 11–12, threatening to compromise regional air quality across parts of Guimaras, Iloilo, Capiz, and Aklan.

Because SO2 exists in minimal quantities within clean air and is heavily discharged during volcanic events, it serves as a primary marker for monitoring and tracking hazardous volcanic plumes. To gather this critical atmospheric intelligence, PhilSA utilized data from the Sentinel-5P satellite, which relies on a specialized optical imaging spectrometer to isolate and analyze the unique spectral signatures of various gases.

By delivering this macro-level satellite analysis, PhilSA provides comprehensive wide-area observations that empower local response agencies to monitor regional environmental threats. While this data measures high-altitude column density rather than direct, breathing-level ground concentrations, it remains an invaluable tool for air quality management and ongoing volcanic risk assessments when paired with traditional ground monitoring systems.